Understanding Coffee Roast Levels: Light vs. Medium vs. Dark
What's the real difference between a blonde roast and a French roast? We break down the science and flavor profiles of each level.
The roasting process transforms green coffee beans into the aromatic brown beans we know. The duration and temperature of the roast determine the final flavor profile.
Once you understand roast levels, the next step is choosing the right coffee beans for your preferred brewing method. Different roasts work better with different methods—for example, dark roasts excel in espresso machines, while light roasts shine in pour-over setups like those in our best pour-over coffee makers guide.
Light Roast (Blonde, City)
Light roasts are pulled from the roaster shortly after the "first crack." They are light brown, have no oil on the surface, and are high in acidity.
- Flavor: Floral, citrusy, tea-like.
- Caffeine: Slightly higher by volume (but lower by weight).
Medium Roast (Full City, American)
Medium roasts have a more balanced flavor and a medium-brown color. They are the most popular choice for specialty coffee.
- Flavor: Caramel, chocolate, nuttiness.
Dark Roast (French, Italian, Espresso)
Dark roasts are roasted until the "second crack." They are dark brown to black and have a shiny, oily surface.
- Flavor: Smoky, bitter, bold, low acidity.
Who This Is For
Anyone curious about why their coffee tastes the way it does and how to find their personal preference. Once you understand roast levels, learn how to choose the right coffee beans for your preferred brewing method.
Want to learn more? Explore all our coffee education guides for more brewing knowledge.